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Procedures to close a patent foramen ovale include: Device closure. In this procedure, the provider inserts a thin, flexible tube called a catheter into a blood vessel in the groin area. The catheter tip has a device to plug the PFO . ... Surgical closure. In this heart surgery, the surgeon uses stitches to close the PFO .

A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a hole in the heart that didn't close the way it should after birth. The hole is a small flaplike opening between the upper heart chambers. The upper chambers of the heart are called the atria.

As a baby grows in the womb, an opening called the foramen ovale (foh-RAY-mun oh-VAY-lee) sits between the upper heart chambers. It typically closes during infancy. When the foramen ovale doesn't close, it's called a patent foramen ovale. Most people never need treatment for patent foramen ovale.

Your healthcare provider may want to treat your PFO if you have had problems from these traveling blood clots, such as a stroke. Options include: Antiplatelet medicines such as aspirin to help prevent blood clots. Anticoagulant medicines such as warfarin to help prevent blood clots.

Figure 1. Make observations. Ask a question. Determine a hypothesis (educated expectation of results). Develop and conduct an experiment using standardized research methods to take measurements to test the question. Make conclusions from the measurements (data). Report results.

In Kentucky, soybeans and corn are the top crops. Nearly 1.47 million acres of farmland were dedicated to soybeans, with farmers selling more than $752 million worth of the crop in 2012. Corn was harvested from 1.53 million acres while sales totaled $694 million.