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The Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) 1912(f) provides that "[n]o termination of parental rights may be ordered in such proceedings in the absence of a determination, supported by evidence beyond a reasonable doubt, including the testimony of qualified expert witnesses, that the continued custody of the child by the ...

A parent can sign an affidavit of voluntary relinquishment of parental rights if the parent agrees that a court should terminate his or her parental rights to a child. Note: A child must be at least 48 hours old before an affidavit of voluntary relinquishment of parental rights may be signed.

Generally, a termination of parental rights in Texas is also a termination of any obligation to support the child in the future. However, if an arrearage for child support exists at the time of the termination, a Court has the ability to order it paid either in lump sum or over time.

Biological parents can also petition the court to voluntarily relinquish their parental rights either to an adoption agency or the adult(s) intending to adopt the child. The biological parents must attend a voluntary relinquishment hearing, which will generally be held 35-40 days after the consent form has been filed.

The circuit court is the trial court with the broadest powers in Virginia. The circuit court handles all civil cases with claims of more than $25,000. It shares authority with the general district court to hear matters involving claims between $4,500 and $25,000.

Five days' notice is required to the opposing party and the court. Motions may be typed by either party, may be filed on the General Notice and Motion Form or may be filed on one of the appropriate forms provided by the Supreme Court of Virginia (located here).