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However, extensive quoting of text from a copyrighted source can constitute copyright infringement, whether the appropriated text is properly enclosed in quotation marks or correctly paraphrased, even if a citation is provided ing to established scholarly conventions.

As a general guideline, if you're going to be quoting a lot of text, get permission. And if you're just quoting a single line but aren't certain it's okay to do it, get permission then too. You might think you don't need permission for short quotes from properly cited sources. But when in doubt, play it safe.

If the total for all quotations from one source (not per quotation) constitutes a significant portion of the original work, you must get permission; 500 words quoted from a book-length, scholarly source is a good rule of thumb, but is not absolute.

Legal Citation Basics For example: Morse v. Frederick, 551 U.S. 393 (2007) is a citation to a Supreme Court case which can be found in volume 551 of the United States Reports (U.S.) beginning on page 393.

When you want to use a quote but can't access the original source, you can cite it indirectly. In the in-text citation, first mention the source you want to refer to, and then the source in which you found it. For example: Smith (1995, cited in Davies, 2005) divides the process into four steps?

Screen pages are indicated by an asterisk. Pages from other reporters that have published the opinion usually also are marked. If you are citing to the pages from reporters that have published the opinion, do not place asterisks in the citation. A case is not published if it is only available on-line.