Every municipality is subject to liability for its torts and those of its officers, employees and agents acting within the scope of their employment or duties. This guide provides information on different torts, and links to publications and materials related to court actions involving tort liability.The four basic elements in a negligence case in Minnesota are: duty, breach of duty, injury or harm, and proximate cause. Most tort claims are claims of negligence. The essence of a tort claim is that an individual has either engaged in a wrongful act or behaved in a manner to interfere with the rights of another. Addresses tort liability of cities, officers, and employees; statutory immunities; exceptions and limits to liability. The law recognizes torts as civil wrongs and allows injured parties to recover for their losses.