Affirmative Defense — Truth-Seeking Lawful Conduct is a legal doctrine that allows a defendant in a criminal case to claim that their otherwise-illegal action was done solely for the purpose of uncovering and exposing the truth. The defendant must prove that their conduct was part of a bona fide effort to seek out the truth, and that the action taken was reasonable and necessary in the pursuit of that truth. The doctrine of Affirmative Defense — Truth-Seeking Lawful Conduct is typically divided into two main types: 1. Investigative Journalism Defense: This is a defense used by journalists, or those engaging in activities similar to journalism, who are accused of breaking the law during their investigations. This defense applies to those who have conducted their activities with the intent of uncovering, exposing, and informing the public about matters of public concern. 2. Whistleblower Defense: This defense is used by individuals who have disclosed information about illegal or unethical behavior in order to prevent harm to the public, and who have done so reasonably. This defense applies to those who have acted in good faith to uncover and expose the truth in a manner that is consistent with the law.