Impeachment by Prior Inconsistencies is a legal action that can be taken when a witness has given contradictory or inconsistent statements in the past. This type of impeachment is usually done during a trial, when the witness is being cross-examined, or in a deposition. Impeachment by Prior Inconsistencies can be divided into two types: direct impeachment and collateral impeachment. Direct impeachment involves a witness’s prior statement that is directly contradictory to the testimony being given in the current proceedings. This may be done by introducing a prior statement that was made by the witness, or by introducing a third-party witness who can testify to the witness’s inconsistent statements. Collateral impeachment involves the introduction of evidence that can demonstrate the witness’s character and credibility. This may include evidence that shows the witness has a history of lying, or that the witness has a financial incentive to testify a certain way. Both types of impeachment by prior inconsistencies can be used in court to discredit the witness’s testimony. This can be a powerful tool in a trial, as it can weaken the witness’s credibility and make it more difficult for the opposing party to prove their case.