2.46 CONCEALMENT OF A MATERIAL FACT / 18 U.S.C. Sec. 1001(a)(1) is a federal law that makes it a crime to knowingly and willfully make a materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement or representation in any matter within the jurisdiction of the United States. This law applies to any document or communication that is submitted to a government agency or department, or to any contractor, grantee, or other recipient of federal funds. The law is divided into two types of offenses: 1) the basic offense of making a false statement, and 2) the more serious offense of concealment of a material fact. The basic offense of making a false statement involves knowingly and willfully making a material statement that is false, fictitious, or fraudulent. The more serious offense of concealment of a material fact involves knowingly and willfully concealing a material fact in a document or communication that is submitted to a government agency or department. For example, an individual who conceals a material fact in a statement or document submitted to a government agency or department may be found guilty of concealment of a material fact / 18 U.S.C. Sec. 1001(a)(1). This offense carries a fine and/or imprisonment for up to five years.