10.12 Conduct of the Trial is the process by which a court or other adjudicating body, such as an arbitrator, presides over a dispute or case. It involves the presentation of evidence, the examination of witnesses, the making of arguments, and the rendering of a decision or judgment. It is a key element of the legal process, and it is governed by a set of rules. Types of 10.12 Conduct of the Trial include civil, criminal, jury trials, bench trials, and appellate trials. Civil trials are conducted to resolve disputes between two or more parties over a private matter, such as a contract dispute or negligence claim. Criminal trials are conducted to determine the guilt or innocence of an individual who is accused of breaking the law. Jury trials are trials in which a jury of peers decides the guilt or innocence of the defendant. Bench trials are trials in which a judge decides the guilt or innocence of the defendant. Appellate trials are trials in which an appeals court reviews the decision of a lower court.