8.28 Passing Counterfeit Obligations (18 U.S.C. Sec. 472)

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Sample Jury Instructions from the 9th Circuit Federal Court of Appeals. http://www3.ce9.uscourts.gov/jury-instructions/

8.28 Passing Counterfeit Obligations (18 U.S.C. Sec. 472) is a federal crime that prohibits the passing or uttering of counterfeit obligations of the United States. This offense applies to any person who attempts to use a counterfeit obligation, such as a federal note, bond, certificate, bill, or other obligation of the United States, with the intent to defraud or deceive another person or organization. There are two types of 8.28 Passing Counterfeit Obligations (18 U.S.C. Sec. 472): passing a counterfeit obligation with the intent to defraud, and uttering a counterfeit obligation with the intent to deceive. The first type of offense involves passing a counterfeit obligation with the intent to deceive or defraud another person or organization. The second type of offense involves uttering a counterfeit obligation with the intent to deceive another person or organization. The penalties for violating 8.28 Passing Counterfeit Obligations (18 U.S.C. Sec. 472) can range from a fine to up to 20 years in prison, depending on the seriousness of the offense.

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FAQ

Counterfeiting in the 19th C The 19th C began as the 18th C had finished ? with people being hanged for 'coining' (making counterfeit coins) and 'uttering' (trying to spend them), with the exception that women were no longer 'burned at the stake' for high treason ? they were now hanged along with the men.

§471. Obligations or securities of United States. Whoever, with intent to defraud, falsely makes, forges, counterfeits, or alters any obligation or other security of the United States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than fifteen years, or both.

The federal crime of 18 U.S.C. § 471 forgery can be defined as the making, altering, using, or possession of a false document or material with the specific intent of committing fraud.

Counterfeiting -- 18 U.S.C. 489. Section 489 of Title 18 prohibits the making of any , disc, or device in the likeness or similitude of coins in the United States, except under the authority of the Secretary of the Treasury.

§ 472) What Is Passing or Possessing Counterfeits? In Southern California Federal Courts, the United States Central District of California, prosecutors will often charge defendants with Passing or Possessing Counterfeit Obligations. The main law that sets out the elements and punishments for this crime is 18 U.S.C.

Counterfeiting -- 18 U.S.C. 489. Section 489 of Title 18 prohibits the making of any , disc, or device in the likeness or similitude of coins in the United States, except under the authority of the Secretary of the Treasury.

18 U.S. Code § 472 - Uttering counterfeit obligations or securities.

More info

Title 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE PART I - CRIMES CHAPTER 25 - COUNTERFEITING AND FORGERY Sec. Uttering counterfeit obligations or securities.The main law that sets out the elements and punishments for this crime is 18 U.S.C. § 472. Uttering counterfeit obligations or securities. STATUTE 8.28 Passing Counterfeit Obligations (18 U.S.C. § 472). Organization," which is defined in 18 U.S.C. 5 18 to mean any legal person other than an individual. There were five reported in 2021. , sentence) that was changed. §472. Uttering counterfeit obligations or securities. 18. 74. 76. 78. 80. 82. 84. 86. 88. 90. 92. 94. 96.

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8.28 Passing Counterfeit Obligations (18 U.S.C. Sec. 472)