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9.18 Particular Rights-Fourth Amendment-Unreasonable Seizure of Property-Generally

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Sample Jury Instructions from the 9th Circuit Federal Court of Appeals. http://www3.ce9.uscourts.gov/jury-instructions/

The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures of their property by the government. Specifically, 9.18 Particular Rights-Fourth Amendment-Unreasonable Seizure of Property-Generally protects individuals from having their property seized by the government without a warrant or probable cause. This protection extends to tangible items, such as physical property, as well as intangible items, such as documents or electronic records. Additionally, it applies to both federal and state governments, so no government authority is exempt from following the Fourth Amendment’s protections. There are two main types of unreasonable seizures of property that are prohibited: warrantless seizures and seizures without probable cause. Warrantless seizures occur when the government seizes property without obtaining a warrant, while seizures without probable cause occur when the government seizes property without showing a reasonable suspicion that the property was connected to a crime.

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FAQ

The reasonableness clause, not the warrant clause, is the lodestar guiding all governmental conduct under the fourth amendment, as the reasonableness clause requires that even warranted searches to be executed in a reasonable manner.

Reasonableness Requirement All searches and seizures under the Fourth Amendment must be reasonable and no excessive force shall be used. Reasonableness is the ultimate measure of the constitutionality of a search or seizure. Searches and seizures with the warrant must also satisfy the reasonableness requirement.

An unreasonable search and seizure is a search and seizure executed 1) without a legal search warrant signed by a judge or magistrate describing the place, person, or things to be searched or seized or 2) without probable cause to believe that certain person, specified place or automobile has criminal evidence or 3)

A police search of a home is conducted in violation of the homeowner's Fourth Amendment rights because no search warrant was issued and no special circumstances justified the search. Any evidence obtained as a result of that search cannot be used against the homeowner in a criminal case.

An unreasonable search and seizure is a search and seizure executed 1) without a legal search warrant signed by a judge or magistrate describing the place, person, or things to be searched or seized or 2) without probable cause to believe that certain person, specified place or automobile has criminal evidence or 3)

The Fourth Amendment prohibits the United States government from conducting ?unreasonable searches and seizures." In general, this means police cannot search a person or their property without a warrant or probable cause. It also applies to arrests and the collection of evidence.

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things

A seizure of property, within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment, occurs when there is some meaningful interference with an individual's possessory interests in the property. In some circumstances, warrantless seizures of objects in plain view do not constitute seizures within the meaning of Fourth Amendment.

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A search or seizure is generally considered to be unreasonable without a warrant, subject to only a few exceptions.

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9.18 Particular Rights-Fourth Amendment-Unreasonable Seizure of Property-Generally