A subpoena in a criminal case in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania is a legal document issued by the court that compels a person to testify or produce specific documents or evidence related to a criminal investigation or trial. It is an essential tool used by both the prosecution and defense to gather information and present evidence in court. The types of subpoenas in a criminal case that can be issued in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania include: 1. Subpoena ad testificandum: This type of subpoena requires an individual to testify as a witness in a criminal case. It compels the person to appear in court and provide relevant information under oath. 2. Subpoena duces tecum: This type of subpoena commands an individual to produce documents, records, or other physical evidence that is deemed necessary for the criminal case. It can be directed towards individuals, businesses, or organizations that possess relevant evidence. 3. Subpoena for grand jury testimony: In certain criminal investigations, a grand jury may be convened to hear evidence and determine if there is enough evidence to issue an indictment. A subpoena can be issued to compel witnesses to testify before the grand jury and provide information that may aid in the investigation. 4. Subpoena for expert witness testimony: In complex criminal cases, expert witnesses may be called upon to provide specialized knowledge or opinion to aid the court in understanding technical or scientific information. A subpoena can be issued to require the attendance of these expert witnesses. It is important to note that receiving a subpoena in a criminal case is a legal obligation, and failing to comply with a subpoena without a valid reason can result in serious consequences, such as being held in contempt of court. However, individuals who are served with a subpoena should consult with an attorney to understand their rights and obligations and seek legal guidance if necessary.