Get Integrating Gis With Hydrological Modeling Practices Problems And Prospects Form 2009-2024

Hydrologic modeling is used to answer environmental transport questions where water excess, scarcity, or dissolved or solid content is of primary importance (Burges, 1986). Because of the nature of environmental predictions, there is no single best model.

Spatial features in hydrological models: Hydrological models are sometimes classified as lumped, semi-distributed and distributed models because they can simulate any scale of the catchments. In this case, lumped models represent the complete hydrological system as a homogeneous unit.

GIS can be applied successfully to manage and monitor groundwater resources. It's possible to use GIS and remote sensing to identify water fluctuations and patterns, detect aquifer recharge zones, assess and classify periods of hydrological drought, identify vulnerable aquifers, and map areas with viable groundwater 7.

Conceptual hydrological models, sometimes also called gray-box models, are precipitation-runoff models built based on observed or assumed empirical relationships among different hydrological variables. They are different from black-box models which consider precipitation-runoff relationship only statistically.

A hydrological model can generate stream flow estimates and trends over long periods. While a model can generate historical current or natural stream flow records, a model can also be used to generate future yields or scenario modelling.

A spatial hydrology model simulates the water flow and transport in a specific locale using GIS data structures. Hydrologic modeling in GIS allows us to automatically delineate a drainage system and quantify the characteristics of the system. It focuses on the movement of water across a land surface.

Hydrological modeling is challenging here because internal inconsistencies—such as an underestimation of precipitation input that can be compensated for by an overestimation of meltwater—might be hidden due to the complexity of feedback mechanisms that govern melt and runoff generation in such basins.