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Matrix interferences. Matrix interference is a physical interference, and can either suppress or enhance absorbance signal of analyte. It occurs when components of sample matrix other than the analyte react to form molecular species and sample background.

Matrix effects are often caused by the alteration of ionization efficiency of target analytes in the presence of co-eluting compounds in the same matrix. Matrix effects can be observed either as a loss in response (ion suppression) or as an increase in response (ion enhancement).

Typically, matrix effects are caused by co-eluting matrix components that alter the ionization of target analytes as well as the chromatographic response of target analytes, leading to reduced or increased sensitivity of the analysis.

Finally, many interferences due to the sample's matrix are eliminated by increasing the atomization temperature. For example, switching to a higher temperature flame helps prevents the formation of interfering oxides and hydroxides.

Flame noise, spectral interferences and chemical interferences are all examples of matrix effects. Atomic methods are among the most sensitive of all analysis methods to matrix effects.

Laboratory Analysis Interference, also referred to as matrix interference, occurs when non-target analytes or physical/chemical characteristics of a sample prevent quantification of the analytes of interest. This can cause increased uncertainty in the result reported to the client.

This problem is readily overcome by adding an excess (ca. 100- fold) of a more easily ionized element such as K, Cs, or Sr to suppress ionization in both sample and calibration solutions. The more easily ionized atoms produce a large concentration of electrons in the vapor.

The matrix effect is the effect on an analytical assay caused by all other sample components except the specific compound (analyte) to be analyzed.