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Footnotes (sometimes just called 'notes') are what they sound like—a note (or a reference to a source of information) which appears at the foot (bottom) of a page. In a footnote referencing system, you indicate a reference by: Putting a small number above the line of type directly following the source material.

Footnote/Endnote Last Name, "Article Title," Journal Title Issue, number (date): page cited, doi or URL (if online). Short version: Author Last Name, "Article Title (shortened if necessary)," page cited.

The footnote contains the number of the citation followed by a period and then the citation itself. The citation always includes the author's name and the title of the text, and it always ends with a period. Full notes also include all the relevant publication information in parentheses (which varies by source type).

Footnote numbers are usually placed at the end of the relevant clause or sentence. The number appears after any punctuation, except when the clause ends with an em dash, in which case the number appears before it. Don't add a space before the number.

What should be included in a footnote? Often, footnotes are simply extra commentary on a passage that doesn't fit within the text. However, in the case of citations, footnotes must include the relevant source information, such as the author's last name, title of the work, and page number related to the passage.

The footnote/endnote begins with the same superscript number as the one that appears in the paper and is followed by a period. Footnotes/endnotes always include a specific page number or numbers where the cited information can be found. The first footnote/endnote to a source provides the full publishing information.

Often, footnotes are simply extra commentary on a passage that doesn't fit within the text. However, in the case of citations, footnotes must include the relevant source information, such as the author's last name, title of the work, and page number related to the passage.

Another great use of footnotes is to define or explain a word or idea that might require further explanation to a general audience. A definition or explanation can be provided within the footnote without any visual or logical disruption in the text.

Footnotes (sometimes just called 'notes') are what they sound like—a note (or a reference to a source of information) which appears at the foot (bottom) of a page. In a footnote referencing system, you indicate a reference by: Putting a small number above the line of type directly following the source material.

Footnote/Endnote Last Name, "Article Title," Journal Title Issue, number (date): page cited, doi or URL (if online). Short version: Author Last Name, "Article Title (shortened if necessary)," page cited.

The footnote contains the number of the citation followed by a period and then the citation itself. The citation always includes the author's name and the title of the text, and it always ends with a period. Full notes also include all the relevant publication information in parentheses (which varies by source type).

Footnote numbers are usually placed at the end of the relevant clause or sentence. The number appears after any punctuation, except when the clause ends with an em dash, in which case the number appears before it. Don't add a space before the number.

What should be included in a footnote? Often, footnotes are simply extra commentary on a passage that doesn't fit within the text. However, in the case of citations, footnotes must include the relevant source information, such as the author's last name, title of the work, and page number related to the passage.

The footnote/endnote begins with the same superscript number as the one that appears in the paper and is followed by a period. Footnotes/endnotes always include a specific page number or numbers where the cited information can be found. The first footnote/endnote to a source provides the full publishing information.

Often, footnotes are simply extra commentary on a passage that doesn't fit within the text. However, in the case of citations, footnotes must include the relevant source information, such as the author's last name, title of the work, and page number related to the passage.

Another great use of footnotes is to define or explain a word or idea that might require further explanation to a general audience. A definition or explanation can be provided within the footnote without any visual or logical disruption in the text.