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Expansionary fiscal policy tools include increasing government spending, decreasing taxes, or increasing government transfers.

Fiscal policy objectives vary. In the short term, governments may focus on macroeconomic stabilization—for example, spending more or cutting taxes to stimulate an ailing economy or slashing spending or raising taxes to rein in inflation or reduce external vulnerabilities.

Fiscal policy is based on the theories of British economist John Maynard Keynes. Also known as Keynesian economics, this theory basically states that governments can influence macroeconomic productivity levels by increasing or decreasing tax levels and public spending.

To combat inflation, the government could use contractionary fiscal policy. In this case, it might raise taxes and decrease government spending in an attempt reduce the total level of spending. Many economists suggests that monetary policy, enacted by the Federal Reserve, is more effective for reducing inflation.

In the short term, governments may focus on macroeconomic stabilization—for example, expanding spending or cutting taxes to stimulate an ailing economy, or slashing spending or raising taxes to combat rising inflation or to help reduce external vulnerabilities.

To counter a recession, it will use expansionary policy to increase the money supply and reduce interest rates. Fiscal policy uses the government's power to spend and tax. When the country is in a recession, the government will increase spending, reduce taxes, or do both to expand the economy.