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Shielding: Barriers of lead, concrete, or water provide protection from penetrating gamma rays. Gamma rays can pass completely through the human body; as they pass through, they can cause damage to tissue and DNA.

Though exposure time and distance are the most important factors in calculating the level of radiation protection required for your application, other lead shielding considerations include radiation type, equipment orientation, workload, and occupancy.

49 method for primary barrier thickness calculation to attenuate direct radiation starts with the formula: P = B WUT/d2. Here P is the design dose equivalent limit (some fraction of 1/50 of the regulatory annual limit) for the site, S, being protected; B is the barrier transmission factor.

NCRP-151 Terminology Controlled Area: Limited access areas where the occupational exposure of personnel to radiation is under supervision of a radiation protection program. These include treatment rooms, control areas and other working areas for radiation workers where non-monitored persons are not able to enter.

ALARA means avoiding exposure to radiation that does not have a direct benefit to you, even if the dose is small. To do this, you can use three basic protective measures in radiation safety: time, distance, and shielding.

National Corrections Reporting Program (NCRP)

Time - Minimise the time of exposure. Distance - Maximise the distance from the source of radiation. Shielding - Use radiation shielding where practicable. Containment - For unsealed radioactive materials use containment to minimise risk of contamination spread and avoid inhalation of ingestion hazards.

For reducing radiation exposure, there are 3 principals: time, distance, and shielding. Time. Radiation exposure can be accumulated over the time of exposure. ... Distance. A greater distance from the radiation source can reduce radiation exposure. ... Shielding.