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Although higher-caliber ammunitions usually have greater muzzle energy and momentum and thus traditionally been widely associated with higher stopping power, the physics involved are multifactorial, with caliber, muzzle velocity, bullet mass, bullet shape and bullet material all contributing to the ballistics.

357, . 380 auto and 9mm ammunition are all the same caliber. (Caliber is the size of the projectile, or bullet.) The different names are for marketing reasons or because of where the cartridge was developed.

A . 30 caliber bullet, loaded with 30 grains of smokeless powder, the name is derived from a combination of the cartridge size and design. A refinement to a combination of size, portability and accuracy, a 30-30 could be slung on a hunter's back with barely a second thought on long hikes.

Caliber is used to describe the size of a rifle or handgun bore and the size of cartridges designed for different bores. Caliber usually is measured as the diameter of the bore from land to opposite land and is expressed in hundredths of an inch, thousandths of an inch, or millimeters. For example, a .

Now, some of the most common handgun calibers in terms of size and power, starting with the smallest to greatest are . 22LR (long rifle), 380 Auto, 9mm, 38 Special, 357 Magnum, 40 S&W, and 45 ACP (automatic Colt pistol).

"round-nose" - The end of the bullet is blunted. "hollow-point" - There is a hole in the bullet that creates expansion when a target is struck, creating more damage. "jacketed" - The soft lead is surrounded by another metal, usually copper, that allows the bullet to penetrate a target more easily.

The 30-06 has a case capacity of 68 gr H2O while the 308 measures in at 58 gr H2O. This makes a lot of sense as a 30-06 has an almost 0.5” longer case. Simply put, the 30-06 is a bigger, bulkier cartridge…but how does that apply to which ammo you should be loading into your sporting rifle?

calibre, also spelled Caliber, in firearms, unit of measure indicating the interior, or bore, diameter of a gun barrel and the diameter of the gun's ammunition; or the length of a gun expressed in relation to its interior diameter (now used only of naval and coastal defense guns). See bore.