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When referring to printing, collate describes how printed material is organized. For example, imagine printing a document that is five pages long. If multiple copies are being printed, and "collate" is selected, pages 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 would print in that order, then repeat.

Collation name can be either a Windows collation name or a SQL collation name. If not specified during database creation, the database is assigned the default collation of the instance of SQL Server. If not specified during table column creation, the column is assigned the default collation of the database.

In a database, a collation is a set of rules that determine how data is sorted and compared, usually applied to how text data is sorted in different languages for the purpose of indexing text data and for making comparisons between text values. Different languages have different character sets and ordering.

A collation specifies the bit patterns that represent each character in a dataset. Collations also determine the rules that sort and compare data. SQL Server supports storing objects that have different collations in a single database.

The collate clause is used for case sensitive and case insensitive searches in the columns of the SQL server. There are two types of collate clause present: SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CS_AS for case sensitive. SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS for case insensitive.

Finding collation on SQL Server instance You can get the server collation in SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) by right-clicking the SQL instance, then clicking the “Properties” option and checking the “General” tab. This collation is selected by default at the installation of SQL Server.

Set or change the database collation using SSMS If you are creating a new database, right-click Databases and then select New Database. If you don't want the default collation, select the Options page, and select a collation from the Collation drop-down list.

A collation name starts with the name of the character set with which it is associated, generally followed by one or more suffixes indicating other collation characteristics. For example, utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci and latin1_swedish_ci are collations for the utf8mb4 and latin1 character sets, respectively.