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An open ballot system is a voting method in which voters vote openly, in contrast to a secret ballot, where a voter's choices are confidential. The open ballot system was the norm prior to Australia adopting the secret ballot in 1856. It was also used in Argentina until the adoption of secret ballot in 1912.

A write-in candidate is a candidate whose name does not appear on the ballot but seeks election by asking voters to cast a vote for the candidate by physically writing in the person's name on the ballot.

The most basic form of a secret ballot utilizes blank pieces of paper upon which each voter writes their choice. Without revealing the votes to anyone, the voter folds the ballot paper in half and places it in a sealed box. This box is later emptied for counting.

I take as an example the secret ballot. They would have the opportunity to vote it out of the way in a secret ballot. Political power went with universal suffrage, the secret ballot and the end of the rotten boroughs. The real issue is the absolute sanctity of the secret ballot.

Null ballots. Spoiled ballots. None of the above votes. Votes for a fringe candidate or party, or a less preferred candidate or party. Organized protest votes.

Electronic voting (also known as e-voting) is voting that uses electronic means to either aid or take care of casting and counting ballots. Depending on the particular implementation, e-voting may use standalone electronic voting machines (also called EVM) or computers connected to the Internet (online voting).