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In an ELISA assay, the antigen is immobilized to a solid surface. This is done either directly or via the use of a capture antibody itself immobilized on the surface. The antigen is then complexed to a detection antibody conjugated with a molecule amenable for detection such as an enzyme or a fluorophore.

The ELISA reader is a specialized spectrophotometer—an apparatus for measuring the intensity of light throughout a part of the spectrum—that lets scientists measure the reactions of antigens and antibodies in a solution through enzyme activity.

An ELISA test uses specialized enzymes that attach to antibodies in your blood. The test involves mixing a sample of your blood with a known compound on special absorbent plates. Depending on what your doctor is diagnosing, the test can use many different enzymes and identify many different antibodies.

Antibody detection ELISAs demonstrate the presence of antibodies to a specific pathogen in patient sera. In this case the antigen (usually a viral protein) is the standardized reagent. The presence of antibody signifies that the patient has either been infected (or vaccinated) with the agent in question.

Ring-form trophozoites (rings) of Plasmodium falciparum are often thin and delicate, measuring on average 1/5 the diameter of the red blood cell. Rings may possess one or two chromatin dots. They may be found on the periphery of the RBC (accolé, appliqué) and multiply-infected RBCs are not uncommon.

The Malaria ELISA use four recombinant antigens in a sandwich test to produce a test that is both highly specific and sensitive. The antigens will detect P. falciparum, P. vivax, P.