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The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a self-report questionnaire that assesses sleep quality over a 1-month time interval. The measure consists of 19 individual items, creating 7 components that produce one global score, and takes 5–10 minutes to complete.

For example, sleep duration of more than 7 hours scores 0, while sleeping less than 5 hours is a score of 3. Adding up the average scores of the seven factors gives a global PSQI score from 0 to 21, with 0–4 indicating “good” sleep and 5–21 indicating “poor” sleep.

The PSQI questions are rated from 0 = no difficulty to 3 = severe difficulty, generating scores that correspond to the domains of the scale. The scores range from 0 to 21 and the authors suggest that a score >5 be considered as a significant sleep disturbance.

You will have to create a profile (free) and then click on PSQI Request for Translations under Conditions of Use heading. Please complete the REQUEST FORM or contact Dr. Buysse for permission to use this instrument.

STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: The PSQI is a subjective measure of sleep. Self reporting by clients though empowering, may can reflect inaccurate information if the client has difficulty understanding what is written, or cannot see or physically write out responses. The scale has been translated into over 56 languages.

This suggested that the PSQI has good criterion validity. Taking the self-rated sleep quality of survey participants as the standard, the ROC of the PSQI for predicting sleep quality was drawn. The AUC was 0.919 (95% confidence interval, 0.896–0.942).

In scoring the PSQI, seven component scores are derived, each scored 0 (no difficulty) to 3 (severe difficulty). The component scores are summed to produce a global score (range 0 to 21). Higher scores indicate worse sleep quality.

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) The 19 items are grouped into 7 components, including (1) sleep duration, (2) sleep disturbance, (3) sleep latency, (4) daytime dysfunction due to sleepiness, (5) sleep efficiency, (6) overall sleep quality, and (7) sleep medication use.