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If you want effectiveness for defensive situations, larger game, or combat, then higher-grain cartridges will get the job done. The heavier the bullet, the better expansion and penetration you'll get on impact. This means quicker and more humane kills.

When you feel the recoil of standard grain, think about the following: heavier grain weight will have greater recoil force while lighter grain will have less. Likewise, grain weight affects the energy felt by the target.

Lighter grain ammunition generates more speed overall than heavy bullets. This results in maximum accuracy and a straighter trajectory over a longer distance. While light grain bullets are fast, they sacrifice energy to maintain their accuracy.

Even though the heavier bullet starts out slower it doesn't always slow down as quickly so that the flight time stays very nearly the same. As a result the bullet drop is very nearly the same. All of this tells me that sorting bullets ing to weight is a waste of time – except for one thing.

If BTO means Base To Ogive, then the reason the measurement may vary from bullet to bullet is that not all ogives are the same. They damn well better be for all bullets of a particular lot but may not be when comparing brand A with brand B.

Recoil is the cumulative results of muzzle velocity, powder weight and bullet weight. Heavier bullets kick more than light. Finally, you need to consider your shooting goals.