Get Overview Of Phonological And Graphological Processing Skills

Definition. The ability to quickly and correctly hear, store, recall, and make different speech sounds.

Phonological processes are patterns of errors that children make when trying to produce certain sounds. These are most common in young children that are starting to develop their speech. This is because young children will not yet have the physiological growth necessary for them to produce certain sounds.

Phonological processing is the use of the sounds of one's language (i.e., phonemes) to process spoken and written language (Wagner & Torgesen, 1987). The broad category of phonological processing includes phonological awareness, phonological working memory, and phonological retrieval.

Phonological awareness activities and lessons should broadly involve: Highlighting phonological awareness concepts in songs, rhymes, poems, stories, and written texts. Finding patterns of rhyme, initial/final sound, onset/rime, consonants and vowels, by: Matching pictures to other pictures.

Students with poor phonological memory are unable to Page 2 hold as much phonological information in mind as their age-matched peers. When recalling nonsense words, they tend to forget parts of the word and/or confuse the sounds and sequence of sounds in the word.

Some examples of commonly used phonological processes include but are not limited to: Affrication: replacement of a fricative consonant with an affricate consonant. For example: sun-tsun, zoo, dzoo. Alveolarization: replacement of consonants made with the teeth or lips with consonants made at the alveolar ridge.

Visual (graphological) processing Visual processing includes automatic recognition of whole words and the combining of letter sequences ing to phonemic awareness and knowledge of letter–sound relationships.

Here are some example of typical phonological processes: Cluster Reduction (pot for spot) Reduplication (wawa for water) Weak Syllable Deletion (nana for banana) Final Consonant Deletion (ca for cat) Velar Fronting (/t/ for /k/ and /d/ for /g/) Stopping (replacing long sounds like /s/ with short sounds like /t/)