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There are three main types of cooling towers that are defined by how water or air pass through them. These types include crossflow, counterflow, and hyperbolic.

What Is an Evaporative Cooling Tower? A cooling tower is a specialized heat exchanger in which air and water are brought into direct contact with each other in order to reduce the water's temperature.

A small portion of the water is evaporated which removes the heat from the remaining water. The warm moist air is drawn to the top of the cooling tower by the fan and discharged to the atmosphere. The cooled water drains to the basin at the bottom of the tower and is returned to the heat source.

One particularly effective type of natural draft cooling tower is the hyperbolic cooling tower. These cooling towers use a chimney-stacking design to let the dry, cool outside air push the warm, moist air.

There are three primary ways to classify a cooling tower — manufacture type, draft type, and air/water contact.

Typically placed on the roofs of commercial buildings, they form part of the system to provide air conditioning or refrigeration on a large scale. As the name suggests, cooling towers in HVAC applications remove heat from buildings by shedding the waste heat to atmosphere.

Application in cooling towers Cooling and HVAC units typically use evaporative cooling through either counterflow or crossflow systems, this can be further broken down to direct and indirect evaporative cooling.

There are two main types of cooling towers: Open-circuit cooling towers (also referred to as wet cooling towers), where process water directly contacts with the ambient air; Closed-circuit cooling towers, or dry coolers, involve no direct contact between the ambient air and the fluid being cooled.