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While there are many different sociological theories about crime, there are four primary perspectives about deviance: Structural Functionalism, Social Strain Typology, Conflict Theory, and Labeling Theory.

The four elements of a crime are: Criminal act. Criminal intent. A concurrence of the previous two elements. Causation.

Actus Reus, Mens Rea and no defence are the main elements of a crime (murder). Actus Reus (is the guilty Act) has three common elements, which are causing an unlawful death of a human being. The act or omission of the defendant must have been the legal cause of the death of the victim.

In general, every crime involves three elements: first, the act or conduct (actus reus); second, the individual's mental state at the time of the act (mens rea); and third, the causation between the act and the effect (typically either proximate causation or but-for causation).

Four major goals are usually attributed to the sentencing process: retribution, rehabilitation, deterrence, and incapacitation.

The elements of a crime are criminal act, criminal intent, concurrence, causation, harm, and attendant circumstances.

For state felonies, the number for the lowest class felony is different state by state. So, for example, in some states, a 4th Degree felony is the lowest class felony, least serious type of felony offense that a defendant can face. A 4th Degree felony is also one step above the highest level misdemeanor in the state.

Criminal law elements. The two basic elements of a crime are the act of doing that which is criminal, and the intention to carry it out. In Latin this is called the actus reus and the mens rea. In many crimes however, there is no necessity of showing a guilty mind, which is why the term "strict liability" is used.