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Substantial Presence Test:To satisfy the Substantial Presence Test: A student, temporarily present in the United States under an "F" or "J" visa, must be in the U.S. for five (5) calendar years (counting all or part of a year as a full year) plus 183 days in the current year.

Calendar year – 12 consecutive months beginning January 1 and ending December 31. Fiscal year – 12 consecutive months ending on the last day of any month except December. A 52-53-week tax year is a fiscal tax year that varies from 52 to 53 weeks but does not have to end on the last day of a month.

January 23: IRS begins 2023 tax season and starts accepting and processing individual 2022 tax returns. January 27: Earned Income Tax Credit Awareness Day to raise awareness of valuable tax credits available to many people – including the option to use prior-year income to qualify.

IRS Substantial Presence Test generally means that you were present in the United States for at least 31 days in the current year and a minimum total of 183 days over 3 years, using the following equation: 1 day = 1 day in the current year. 1 day = 1/3 day in the prior year. 1 day = 1/6 day two years prior.

To determine if you meet the substantial presence test for 2023, count the full 120 days of presence in 2023, 40 days in 2022 (1/3 of 120), and 20 days in 2021 (1/6 of 120). Since the total for the 3-year period is 180 days, you are not considered a resident under the substantial presence test: for 2023.

If you meet the substantial presence test for a calendar year, your residency starting date is generally the first day you are present in the United States during that calendar year.

If you are not a U.S. Citizen, and you were physically present in the U.S. for at least 31 days in 2022 and cumulative (total) of 183 days for the years 2020, 2021, and 2022, you are likely a resident for tax purposes. If you were not present for this total of days, you are likely a non-resident for tax purposes.

In the U.S., the tax year for individuals runs from Jan. 1 to Dec. 31 and includes taxes owed on earnings during that period. For example, taxes withheld or owed for earnings during the calendar year 2023 would be included on the tax return sent to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) by most taxpayers in 2024.