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Flow cytometry (or FACS) is the current gold standard for CD4 T-lymphocyte counting. Several types of flow cytometers are available, with the BD FACSCount, FACSCalibur (BD Biosciences), and EPICS XL (Beckman Coulter) among the most popular instruments.

Naive CD4⁺T cells are activated after interaction with antigen-MHC complex and differentiate into specific subtypes depending mainly on the cytokine milieu of the microenvironment.

CD4 T cells play a fundamental role in the adaptive immune response including the stimulation of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which infects and kills CD4 T cells causes progressive failure of the immune system. However, HIV particles are also reproduced by the infected CD4 T cells.

The CD4+T cells carry out multiple functions, ranging from activation of the cells of the innate immune system, B-lymphocytes, cytotoxic T cells, as well as nonimmune cells, and also play critical role in the suppression of immune reaction.

HIV: A virus that attacks your white blood cells (especially your CD4+ T-cells) and potentially leads to AIDS. Job syndrome: A rare immune system disorder that causes repeat infections.

The virus attaches itself to specific white blood cells, called CD4 T cells. These cells are important components of the immune system, helping to fight infections in the body. But HIV renders them harmful, triggering those cells to make multiple copies of itself while gradually destroying the T cells.

CD4 cell count is a laboratory test that measures the number of CD4 T-cells. The normal range is between 500 to 1500 cells/mm^3.

CD4+T cells are crucial in achieving a regulated effective immune response to pathogens. Naive CD4+T cells are activated after interaction with antigen-MHC complex and differentiate into specific subtypes depending mainly on the cytokine milieu of the microenvironment.