Negligence cases often involve car crashes, medical malpractice, and other cases involving a negligent act or omission. Liability claims result from someone's negligence.For example, a car crash allows the injured victim to file a claim with the negligent driver's insurer. The law regarding a plaintiff's ability to recover damages for emotional distress as the result of another's negligence is constantly evolving. Tort law cases fall under three categories: negligence, intentional harm, and strict liability. Sometimes it's very hard or impossible to prove someone was negligent. The second type is negligent infliction of emotional distress. This does not adhere to the same guidelines. When all three elements take place, a personal injury, or tort, has occurred. Sometimes it's very hard or impossible to prove someone was negligent.