In most education-related civil lawsuits there are two main categories of tort liability relevant to the professional educator—Intentional and Negligent Torts. ✓ Unintentional torts: negligence and strict liability.Prior to the 1990 amendment, sovereign immunity shielded the state from tort liability in the absence of insurance, and that immunity applied to "political. The most common tort is the tort of negligence. There are four elements. 3 As in any negligence action, the plaintiff must establish duty, breach, proximate cause and damages. What differentiates a claim for professional malpractice. 1. The action is based upon fault; therefore, strict liability principles do not apply.2. Nor is res ipsa loquitur applicable in malpractice actions in Georgia. Law fault, but "points clearly away from liability, or clearly toward it, only at the ends of the tort law's spectrum of culpability.