A claimant must prove (4) elements to have a successful negligence claim in New York state. Individuals whose negligent conduct results in injuries to others are liable for the damages.A case of negligence can only exist if a plaintiff can show that the defendant owed them a duty of care when the injury occurred. The fourth and final element of a tort or claim for negeligence is damages. There are many torts that happen in prison that can form the basis of a lawsuit and the following are just a few examples of those. A lawsuit against the State of New York may only be filed in the Court of Claims. -Exceptions to the no duty to act rule: -Special relationships: when defendant has custody over the plaintiff who is not in a position to protect himself. Cohen, 61 N.Y.2d 261). What Are Common Examples of Torts in New York? Buick, 217 N.Y. 382 (1916) .