Identify professional negligence claims and recognize potential defenses. Describe strict liability and discuss examples.Pima County Sheriff Mark Napier and Deputy Joseph Klein appeal a jury verdict against them for injuries plaintiff Brian McDonald sustained when he was bitten. The second element of a tort or negligence is breach. Once duty is established, duty must be breached in order to be claimed as negligent. 13.1 Scope of This Chapter. In this negligence action, the Supreme Court held that a negligence claim based solely on an officer's intentional use of physical force is inappropriate. Most civil lawsuits for injuries allege the wrongdoer was negligent. All other liabilities made up 8 percent or less of the total. Injury to public property. Sec. 6-102.