Prima facie tort protects plaintiffs from defendants who harm them with malicious intent, but in a way that is not technically or specifically unlawful. There are three basic categories under which torts fall.These are umbrella terms that encompass a wide range of actions and injuries. The fourth and final element of a tort or claim for negeligence is damages. There are three types of tort actions; negligence, intentional torts, and strict liability. The elements of each are slightly different. In most cases, the duty is to use reasonable care. Required him to remain and fill out a statement about the accident. The most broadly applicable notice of claim provision is set forth in the General Municipal Law. A notice of claim must be filed in writing.