3 Main Theories of TORT LIABILITY: Intentional Torts – fault-based concept; Negligence – fault-based concept; Strict Liability – liability without fault. Any individual seeking to file a claim for money or damages against the judicial branch must first file a written government claim.Negligent tort — Negligence is at the heart of many tort actions. Negligent torts occur when the defendant's actions were unreasonably unsafe. Plaintiff might suffer a psychiatric illness as a result of the defendant's negligence. As liability expands, required level of egregiousness heightens. Santa Clara moves to dismiss Plaintiffs' third, fourth, fifth, and sixth claims in the First Amended Complaint (FAC) for failure to state a claim. To prevent indeterminate and unlimited liability like this, most states generally bar liability for negligent conduct that causes only emotional harm. County of Santa Clara, 307 F.3d. Theory of negligence for this harm, which is the most widely used theory of liability in the law of torts.133.