There are many different types of torts under the common law in Canada: negligence; intentional torts; strict liability; economic torts. The third element of negligence is causation.There are two types of negligent causation, actual cause and proximate cause. Rescuers who are injured in attempting to help those in perilous situations can sue the negligent person who created the emergency. As well, contributory negligence was a complete defence to a tort action. There are three defenses to negligence claims that can be used and have been used in various cases.