The Fourth Amendment protects people against "unreasonable searches and seizures. Not every police action carries Fourth Amendment protections.The question courts ask is two-fold. The Fourth Amendment generally requires government officials to obtain an arrest warrant or search warrant to execute a valid search and seizure. You have the right to terminate an encounter with a police officer unless you are being detained under police custody or have been arrested. Florida, 470 U.S.. 811 (1985) (officers went to suspect's home and took him to police station for fingerprinting). The Fourth Amendment protects citizens against unreasonable searches and seizures. Florida State University Police Department. The police found a cell phone in his pants pocket. Probable cause is present when the police officer has a reasonable belief in the guilt of the suspect based on the facts and information prior to the arrest.