Every subject has a right to be secure from all unreasonable searches, and seizures, of his person, his houses, his papers, and all his possessions. The citizenship clause overturned the Dred Scott decision and ensured that everyone born or naturalized in the United States was a citizen.The Supreme Court has recognized that the Due Process Clause subsumes a constitutionally protected right to refuse medical care. Section Five of the Fourteenth Amendment vests Congress with the authority to adopt "appropriate" legislation to enforce the other parts of the Amendment. The 14th Amendment provides, in part, that no state can "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. The 14th Amendment provides, in part, that no state can "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. The Equal Protection Clause is part of the first section of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Amendment IX (1791). Citizens may not be tried on the same set of facts twice and are protected from self-incrimination (the right to remain silent).