14th Amendment (1868):​​ Details Equal Protection Clause, Due Process Clause, Citizenship Clause, and clauses dealing with the Confederacy and its officials. The Fourteenth Amendment: Section 1.The Equal Protection Clause requires each state to provide equal protection under the law to all people, including non-citizens, within its jurisdiction. One of the purposes of the Fourteenth Amendment was to provide federal protection of individual rights against the states. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Amendment IX (1791). To vote for a proposed constitutional amendment, fill in the oval next to the word "Yes" on that question. The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution says no person who has engaged in "insurrection or rebellion" should hold public office. Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment is the constitutional expression of President. This renewed interest in state constitutions has led some law journals to devote special issues to state constitutional analysis.