This is a Complaint pleading for use in litigation of the title matter. Adapt this form to comply with your facts and circumstances, and with your specific state law. Not recommended for use by non-attorneys.
This is a Complaint pleading for use in litigation of the title matter. Adapt this form to comply with your facts and circumstances, and with your specific state law. Not recommended for use by non-attorneys.
Generally, a person has no reasonable expectation of privacy for property and personal effects they hold open to the public. The Fourth Amendment does not protect things that are visible or in "plain view" for a person of ordinary and unenhanced vision.
The Constitution, through the Fourth Amendment, protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. The Fourth Amendment, however, is not a guarantee against all searches and seizures, but only those that are deemed unreasonable under the law.
So, yes, in California, when it comes to suppression of evidence in search and seizure, criminal defendants are limited to what the Fourth Amendment provides.
The Constitution, through the Fourth Amendment, protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government.
Section 13 of Article 1 of the California Constitution is nearly identical to the U.S. Constitution's Fourth Amendment. The Fourth Amendment requires that the search warrant specify the places to be searched and the things to be seized. A search warrant in California can only issue on the same grounds.
“What a person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection.
Other well-established exceptions to the warrant requirement include consensual searches, certain brief investigatory stops, searches incident to a valid arrest, and seizures of items in plain view.
Riley made clear that cell phones, or what the Court called “minicomputers,” are sui generis for Fourth Amendment purposes.
To claim a violation of Fourth Amendment rights as the basis for suppressing relevant evidence, courts have long required that the claimant must prove that they were the victim of an invasion of privacy to have a valid standing.