The foramen ovale is a hole in the wall between the left and right atria of every human fetus. This hole allows blood to bypass the fetal lungs.The purpose of this guide is to provide you with basic information about filing a utility patent application with the USPTO. Pulmonary stenosis is a birth defect of the heart (congenital). Foraminal stenosis is a condition that happens when narrowing in parts of your spine causes compression of your spinal nerves. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a persistent opening between the two major blood vessels leading from the heart. The ductus arteriosus is a hole that allows the blood to skip the circulation to the lungs. CMS National Coverage Policy. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a heart defect found in the days or weeks after birth. The ductus arteriosus is a normal part of fetal blood circulation.