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Download a copy, print it, send it by email, or mail it via USPS—whatever works best for your next step.

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If you have a PFO larger than 25 millimeters, a provider will probably do PFO closure surgery instead of using the catheter method.
You may be asleep for the procedure, or you may get a sedative to help you relax. Your doctor makes a small cut in your groin. Then the catheter, with tools inside it, is put into your blood vessel and carefully guided to your heart. Your doctor moves the tip of the catheter to place a small device inside the PFO.
If you were born with a hole in your heart that never closed, known as a patent foramen ovale (PFO), you may need a procedure to correct it. Penn Medicine cardiologists use interventional techniques to close a patent foramen ovale without opening your chest for surgery.
The new law meant many people convicted of first-degree PFO had to serve at least 10 years in prison before being eligible for parole.
After 5 days, no heavy activity that causes deep/heavy breathing for 6-8 weeks. No driving for 5 days. No tub baths, swimming, or hot tubs for 7 days. Most patients return to work within one week.
Treatment most often requires a procedure called cardiac catheterization, which is performed by a trained cardiologist to permanently seal the PFO.
MEDICATION. Your doctor may prescribe blood-thinning medication to reduce your chance of having blood clots. Aspirin (taken daily) is the recommended medication for most patients to reduce the risk of having another ischemic stroke. Some physicians recommend stronger blood-thinning medications called anticoagulants.
PFO was found in 25 to 30 percent of individuals in an autopsy study and in a community-based transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) study 4,5.
Most PFOs require no treatment. People who have no risk factors for stroke or any history of traveling blood clots usually do not get treatment. Your healthcare provider may want to treat your PFO if you have had problems from these traveling blood clots, like stroke. In these cases, treatment for PFOs varies.