Plaintiffs conduct entitles it to damages and all other remedies at law.
Plaintiffs conduct entitles it to damages and all other remedies at law.
If you were born with a hole in your heart that never closed, known as a patent foramen ovale (PFO), you may need a procedure to correct it. Penn Medicine cardiologists use interventional techniques to close a patent foramen ovale without opening your chest for surgery.
If a PFO exists, a little blood can flow between the atria. A robotic-assisted patent foramen ovale repair is a type of minimally invasive surgery. Minimally invasive means that the surgery uses smaller cuts (incisions) than a traditional open heart surgery. Recovery may be easier and faster.
People who do not respond to medication may need a minimally invasive, catheter-based procedure. Your interventional cardiologist closes the PFO with a small closure device. This is done in a cardiac catheterization (cath) laboratory.
A PFO closure is only utilized if a patient has experienced a stroke, and other causes of stroke and blood clots have been ruled out. A patient with a PFO without a history of stroke would not require a PFO closure and may continue to live a healthy life with this incidental finding.
Treatment most often requires a procedure called cardiac catheterization, which is performed by a trained cardiologist to permanently seal the PFO.
During the procedure, an interventional cardiologist: Makes a tiny incision in your groin and inserts a catheter into a blood vessel. Uses ultrasound imaging to get a closer view of the PFO. May guide a deflated balloon through the catheter and move it to the PFO.
Results: The absolute risks of ischemic stroke in patients with PFO closure and in the general population, respectively, were 1.4% (95% CI: 0.8%-2.3%) and 0.1% (95% CI: 0.0%-0.1%) at 1 year, 1.4% (95% CI: 0.8%-2.3%) and 0.2% (95% CI: 0.2%-0.4%) at 2 years, 2.2% (95% CI: 1.3%-3.5%) and 0.4% (95% CI: 0.2%-0.5%) at 3 ...
Procedures to close a patent foramen ovale include: Device closure. In this procedure, the provider inserts a thin, flexible tube called a catheter into a blood vessel in the groin area. The catheter tip has a device to plug the PFO . Surgical closure. In this heart surgery, the surgeon uses stitches to close the PFO .