Title VII prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex and national origin. However, according to the Comcast ruling, the standard applied in Title VII cases is no longer the model for determining Section 1981 claims.42 U.S.C. § 1981 prohibits race discrimination in the making and enforcing of contracts. However, while the standards of liability are identical, there is a major difference in the coverage of the two provisions. §1981 (Section 1981) creates a federal cause of action for individuals claiming intentional racial discrimination. Two major vehicles for redressing private racial discrimination are Title. VII and 42 U.S.C. § 1981. These limitations do not apply to suits alleging race discrimination brought under Section 1981 or under Section 1981 and Title VII. Section 1981 grants individuals the right to make and enforce contracts, regardless of race. In the past several years both the courts and the Congress have become more involved in the black American's struggle for equality.