A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. (a) Every citizen has a fundamental right to bear arms in defense of himself or herself and the state.The mayor of Alabama's state capital has signed a local ordinance into law requiring anyone carrying a concealed firearm to also carry a photo ID. "(a) Every citizen has a fundamental right to bear arms in defense of himself or herself and the state. As we stated in Heller and repeated in McDonald, 'individual selfdefense is "the central component" of the Second Amendment right. The 14th Amendment to the Constitution is one of the nation's most important laws relating to citizenship and civil rights. Under the 14th Amendment, African Americans could now legally claim the same constitutional rights afforded to all American citizens. In a landmark Supreme Court decision in 2008, District of Columbia v. As gun rights have evolved in the United States, the Supreme Court has moved away from a means-end test and adopted a history-and-. As gun rights have evolved in the United States, the Supreme Court has moved away from a means-end test and adopted a history-and-.