This guide provides information on different torts, and links to publications and materials related to court actions involving tort liability. Every municipality is subject to liability for its torts and those of its officers, employees and agents acting within the scope of their employment or duties.Each jurisdiction's tort law has its own set of legal presumptions, which are codified rules of circumstantial evidence. 3. Experts and Opinion Evidence. A tort is an act or omission that gives rise to injury or harm to another and amounts to a civil wrong for which courts impose liability. A. Elements of Battery. 1. Each tort cause of action is separately named and defined, each with its own rules of liability, defenses, and damages. Students will also study the substantive areas of torts and criminal law. This In Focus surveys basic tort law principles and identifies pertinent legal considerations for Congress. Most tort claims are claims of negligence.