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Penal Code section 1026, et. Seq. Legal insanity requires that the person, by reason of mental disease or defect was incapable of either: Knowing the nature of his or her act. Understanding the nature of his or her act. Distinguishing between right and wrong at the time of commission of the crime.
“Not guilty by reason of insanity” is a plea by a criminal defendant who admits the criminal act, but claims that they were mentally disturbed at the time of the crime and lacked the mental capacity to have intended to commit a crime. Such a plea requires that a court conduct a trial on the issue of insanity alone.
Mental illness of such a severe nature that a person cannot distinguish fantasy from reality, cannot conduct her/his affairs due to psychosis, or is subject to uncontrollable impulsive behavior. Insanity is distinguished from low intelligence or mental deficiency due to age or injury.
Most courts have held that diagnoses such as schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder qualify as a mental disease for the purpose of insanity. Diagnoses such as personality disorders, paraphilias, and voluntary substance intoxication do not usually qualify.
The most common objection to the insanity plea is that it prevents the punishment of people with mental disorders. Many people argue that the insanity defense is used too often and that it allows dangerous individuals to avoid punishment for their crimes.
In the criminal justice system, defendants are rarely successful with the insanity plea. ing to one study, the insanity defense is only used in about 1% of all court cases. It is only successful in about 26% of those cases. A defense of “temporary insanity” is difficult to prove.
Most courts have held that diagnoses such as schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder qualify as a mental disease for the purpose of insanity. Diagnoses such as personality disorders, paraphilias, and voluntary substance intoxication do not usually qualify.
Legal insanity requires that the person, by reason of mental disease or defect was incapable of either: Knowing the nature of his or her act. Understanding the nature of his or her act. Distinguishing between right and wrong at the time of commission of the crime.
The Insanity Defense in Practice Despite public fears, defendants do not abuse the insanity defense. In felony cases, the defense is invoked less than 1% of the time, and even when it is employed, it is only successful 25% of the time.
Eric Clark was a 17 year old schizophrenic who shot and killed officer Jeffery Moritz in Flagstaff, Arizona in June of 2001. Clark's defense attempted to use the insanity defense, demonstrating that Clark did not know what he was doing at the time of the crime.
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Required Scope of Insanity Defense. — Since M'Naghten's.How is insanity a viable criminal defense? Why does being insane make one not responsible for their crimes? By the early 1980s, all but 10. Outside world or act out in confusion and fear. " Clark, 548 U.S. at 753.
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