The Homestead Act gave 1.6 million white families and fewer than 6000 black families 160 acres of virtually free land. San. Antonio and South Texas present greater challenges in the search for the architecture of slavery."The Southern Homestead Act had many flaws. Many former slaves could not afford the fee for the land. Antonio, Texas area we have come across about a dozen people who were former slaves. They included immigrants, farmers without land of their own, single women, and formerly enslaved people. The Homestead Act of 1862 took effect on Jan 1, 1863. To claim your 160 acres of Government owned land you had to meet several requirements. San Antonio, TX 78207. RELATED: Historical photos show faces of former slaves living in San Antonio. Advertisement.