This Handbook provides an overview of federal patent and trademark law. Information discussed includes types of patents and trademarks, duration of registration, requirements for obtaining, a guide to the application process, protecting your patent or trademark, and much more in 18 pages of materials.
A PFO closure is a surgical procedure to close the hole that should have sealed on its own after birth. PFO is a flap-like opening in the heart between the upper chambers.The foramen ovale is a structure in the wall of the heart between the two upper chambers. Patent foramen ovale closure is a procedure to close a hole in the heart. We use minimally invasive approaches to treat PFO without open-chest surgery. Based on the review of the literature, the use of patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure is not medically necessary. The foramen ovale is a hole in the wall between the left and right atria of every human fetus. This hole allows blood to bypass the fetal lungs. It is a normal part of the circulation of a fetus. But, in most infants, this small hole naturally closes very soon after birth.