Patent foramen ovale (PFO) occurs when a remnant of normal fetal anatomy abnormally persists into adulthood. It represents a benign finding in the newborn periods. If PFO persists into adulthood, it usually leads to right-to-left shunting of deoxygenated blood, which can be symptomatic or asymptomatic.
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) occurs when a remnant of normal fetal anatomy abnormally persists into adulthood. It represents a benign finding in the newborn periods. If PFO persists into adulthood, it usually leads to right-to-left shunting of deoxygenated blood, which can be symptomatic or asymptomatic.
High-risk PFO is characterized by (D) PFO size of >3 mm (arrow) or (E) the presence of atrial septal aneurysm with (F) hypermobility of the septum during the Valsalva maneuver resulting in a large PFO size (arrow).
The foramen ovale plays a vital role in sustaining life in-utero; however, a patent foramen ovale (PFO) after birth has been associated with pathologic sequelae in the systemic circulation including stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), migraine, high altitude pulmonary edema, decompression illness, platypnea- ...
PFO often doesn't cause any symptoms and may not require treatment. But it can sometimes indicate stroke or mini-stroke. If you have a history of stroke or blood clots, your provider may suggest treatment.
Stroke is the major potential complication of PFO. People who have a PFO are slightly more likely to have a stroke than people who do not. A PFO is more likely to be the cause of stroke in a younger adult because younger people don't have as many risk factors for stroke from other causes.
Rarely, a patent foramen ovale can cause a significant amount of blood to go around the lungs. This lowers blood oxygen levels, a condition called hypoxemia. Stroke. Sometimes small blood clots in veins may travel to the heart.
Patent foramen ovale lets a small amount of blood flow between the flaps connecting your right and left atrium. Normally these flaps stop blood from flowing between them. Usually, patent foramen ovale causes no problems. But PFO may let a blood clot travel from the right to the left side of your heart.