An affidavit is a written statement, sworn to be true, that can be used as evidence in legal proceedings. An affidavit is a sworn statement of fact that can be used in a variety of legal proceedings, from bankruptcy cases to family and civil litigation matters.An affidavit is a written statement in which the signer or "affiant" verifies that the document is true. It is a legal document detailing knowledge the person has or facts as they know them to be. An affidavit is a written statement made under oath or affirmation. It's used as evidence in legal proceedings. In an affidavit, the affiant is the person swearing that the statements contained in the affidavit are true. An affidavit is a legal document that is very similar to a witness's sworn testimony in a court of law. What Is the Legal Significance of an Affidavit? As used in the California Rules of Court, unless the context or subject matter otherwise requires: (1) "Action" includes special proceeding.