Bond valuation is a process of determining the fair market price of the bond based on factors such as interest rates, bond payments, and time periods. The money supply has to decrease if you want interest rates to increase.The demand for money is the relationship between the quantity of money people want to hold and the factors that determine that quantity. Open market purchases raise bond prices, and open market sales lower bond prices. So, open market operations (OMOs) affect bond prices. A basic method involves taking half the annual coupon rate, yielding an approximate semiannual bond yield. Economic order quantity (EOQ) is the ideal quantity of units a company should purchase to meet demand while minimizing inventory costs.